Japanese Americans

A group of Japanese American people, including men, women, and children, stand in line outside a building under guard by an armed soldier during WWII—a poignant moment of Japanese American incarceration. Courtesy of the National Archives.

Japanese American Incarceration During WWII | National Archives

This page connects to DocsTeach, providing primary resources on Japanese internment during World War II. It includes documents that explore the impact of the order and its historical context, such as President Roosevelt’s Executive Order 9066–the order that led to the internment of Japanese Americans in relocation centers, postings of Exclusion Orders, and pictures of Japanese American families.

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A large camp with rows of rectangular barracks buildings set on a grid, surrounded by open land and several train cars visible in the foreground—a stark reminder of life during the Time of Fear.

Time of Fear

Time of Fear is a documentary published in 2004 by PBS that tells the story of Japanese Americans incarcerated at the Rohwer and Jerome camps in southeast Arkansas during World War II. Featuring rare home movie footage and interviews with former incarcerees and local residents, the film explores themes of racism, fear, and resilience. It offers a powerful lens into the intersections of race, place, and memory in one of the most segregated regions of the rural South.

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A rural road stretches into the distance beneath the text Relocation, Arkansas: Aftermath of Incarceration, capturing the quiet landscape and history tied to relocation in Arkansas with a faint stamp in the background.

Relocation, Arkansas

Published in 2017 by filmmaker Vivienne Schiffer—daughter of former McGehee mayor Rosalie Gould—Relocation, Arkansas explores the long-term effects of Japanese American incarceration in Arkansas. The documentary follows the generation born after the camps closed, the stories of those who chose to remain in Arkansas, and the surprising relationship between the Japanese American community and Mayor Gould (who served from 1983 to 1995). Through themes of race, healing, and cross-cultural understanding, the film offers a deeply human perspective on a legacy of exclusion and resilience.

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Densho logo featuring two overlapping concentric circles above the word Densho on a dark blue background, representing the DENSHO Archive.

DENSHO Archive

Densho is a leading digital archive and educational platform dedicated to preserving the histories of Japanese Americans incarcerated during World War II. The site features over 900 oral histories, along with tens of thousands of photos, documents, letters, and newspapers. It also offers age-appropriate lesson plans and classroom resources, making it one of the most comprehensive tools for teaching about Japanese American incarceration.

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A watercolor of a factory evokes the WWII Arkansas landscape, capturing a glimpse into the Japanese American Experience documented by the Butler Center.

Butler Center – The Japanese American Experience in WWII Arkansas

Hosted by the Bobby L. Roberts Library of Arkansas History & Art (part of the Central Arkansas Library System), this resource offers a concise overview of Japanese American incarceration during World War II. Its centerpiece is the Rosalie Santine Gould – Mabel Jamison Vogel Collection, featuring hundreds of artworks created by Japanese Americans imprisoned at the Rohwer and Jerome camps in Arkansas. These paintings and drawings offer powerful visual testimony to life behind barbed wire and are ideal for interdisciplinary lessons combining history, art, and civil rights.

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A watercolor painting depicts a fenced camp with multiple barracks, a watchtower, and a muddy landscape with puddles in the foreground, capturing the stark reality of Japanese American Incarceration during World War II.

Rising Above in Arkansas – Japanese American Incarceration During WWII

This digital project explores the history and legacy of Japanese American incarceration at Rohwer and Jerome during World War II. Using maps, archival materials, photographs, and spatial storytelling, the site helps students visualize how thousands of Japanese Americans were forcibly relocated and confined from 1942–1946. 

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